Proceedings of the IEEE · 1999 · 3K citations · 227 references
ComputingComputer ScienceArtificial IntelligenceEvolutionary TheoryMachine LearningEvolutionary ComputationEvolutionary OptimizationGenetic AlgorithmsNeural NetworksPopulation-based SearchEvolutionary AlgorithmsEvolutionary Search
Learning and evolution are two fundamental forms of adaptation. There has been a great interest in combining learning and evolution with artificial neural networks (ANNs) in recent years. This paper: 1) reviews different combinations between ANNs and evolutionary algorithms (EAs), including using EAs to evolve ANN connection weights, architectures, learning rules, and input features; 2) discusses different search operators which have been used in various EAs; and 3) points out possible future research directions. It is shown, through a considerably large literature review, that combinations between ANNs and EAs can lead to significantly better intelligent systems than relying on ANNs or EAs alone.
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Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning
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