Assessment of Social Cognition in Frail Older Adults and Its Association With SocialFunctioning in the Nursing Home

Abstract

Purpose: The aims of this study were to reliably assess a range of social-cognitive functioning in frail seniors and to examine the association between measures of social cognition and nurses' ratings of residents' social functioning in a nursing home. Design and Methods: Forty nursing home residents with and without cognitive impairment completed 11 social cognition tasks on two occasions after assessment of their cognitive functioning with the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised (CAMCOG), CAM-COG Executive Function, and two tests of working memory. Staff on the nursing units completed two measures of social behavior. Results: Participants completed the social cognition protocol without difficulty. The measures demonstrated good internal (median alpha 5 .75) and test-retest reliability (median correlation 5 .70). Four of the social cognition measures were significantly associated with the measures of cognitive functioning; three additional measures showed significant positive associations with subsets of the cognitive tests. Regression analyses revealed that measures of social cognition were significantly and independently associated with nurses' ratings of residents' social functioning after age, gender, education, and the four measures of cognitive functioning were controlled for. One measure of social cognition that assessed interpersonal problem-solving accounted for 45% of the variance in nurses' ratings of participants' social functioning (F 5 41.35; df 5 1,17; p , .001). Implications: Measures of social cognition assess a domain of functioning that is not evaluated by traditional tests of cognitive status. These measures are informative about frail, older adults' ability to understand and respond to others and could be used to predict patterns of social functioning in nursing homes and other naturalistic settings.