Impact of Cochlear Implants on the Functional Health Status of Older Adults

TLDR

The study evaluates how cochlear implantation affects quality of life in adults aged 50 and older through retrospective questionnaire and chart review of 47 patients. The authors measured pre‑ and post‑implant health utility scores and audiologic data at 6 months and 1 year in 47 older adults using questionnaires and chart review. Cochlear implantation produced a significant 0.24 increase in health‑utility scores (P < .0001) and improved speech perception, with gains correlating with quality‑of‑life benefits, demonstrating cost‑effectiveness in older adults.

Abstract

To assess the impact of cochlear implantation on quality of life changes in older adults aged 50 years and above.Retrospective study by questionnaire and chart review.Forty-seven patients aged 50 to 80 years (mean age, 63.4 y [SD = 8.6 y]), who have multiple-channel cochlear implants received at The Listening Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, completed the Ontario Health Utilities Index Mark 3 survey and a questionnaire on quality of life changes. Health utility scores before and after cochlear implantation were measured, and audiologic data before implantation and at 6 months and 1 year after implantation were analyzed.Cochlear implantation in older adults is associated with a mean gain in health utility(P <.0001) of 0.24 (SD = 0.33), which corresponds to a favorable cost-utility of $9530 per quality-adjusted life-year. Improvements in hearing and emotional health attributes were primarily responsible for this increase in health-related quality of life measure. There was a significant increase in speech perception scores at 6 months after surgery (P <.0001 for both CID sentence and monosyllabic word tests) and a strong correlation between the magnitude of health utility gains and the postoperative increase in speech perception scores (r = 0.45, P <.05).Cochlear implants have a significant impact on the quality of life of older deaf patients, and are a cost-effective intervention in this population. Improvements in speech perception are predictive of gains in health-related quality of life and associated emotional benefits after cochlear implantation.