The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates

TLDR

Attempted suicide and non‑suicidal self‑injury are distinct yet frequently co‑occur among adolescents, prompting growing research into their relationship. This paper reviews current evidence on the association between adolescent suicide attempts and non‑suicidal self‑injury. The review examines definitions, prevalence, self‑injury characteristics, psychosocial correlates, and risk factors distinguishing the two behaviors. The authors highlight implications for clinicians and suggest directions for future research.

Abstract

Although attempted suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are distinct behaviors differing in intent, form, and function, the behaviors co-occur at a high rate in both adults and adolescents. Researchers have begun to investigate the association between attempted suicide and NSSI among adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to present current research on this association. First, we discuss definitional issues associated with self-injurious behaviors. Next, we present research on the co-occurrence of attempted suicide and NSSI, including prevalence and associations with self-injury characteristics. We then discuss psychosocial variables associated with engaging in both NSSI and attempted suicide or one type of self-injury alone. Finally, we present the research to date on risk factors uniquely associated with either attempted suicide or NSSI. Implications for mental health professionals and future avenues of research are discussed.