Galvanic Cells for the Determination of the Standard Molar Free Energy of Formation of Metal Halides, Oxides, and Sulfides at Elevated Temperatures

Abstract

The use of electromotive force measurements on galvanic cells for the determination of standard molar free energies of formation of halides, oxides, sulfides, and other compounds at elevated temperatures is surveyed. New potentialities and inherent limitations are shown. Formulas for the estimate of errors resulting from electronic conduction and from transference of the components of electrolytes between different activity levels are derived.