Mesoporous bioactive glasses: structure characteristics, drug/growth factor delivery and bone regeneration application

TLDR

Bone diseases and trauma have increased worldwide, and bioactive glasses are valued for their osteoconductivity and osteostimulativity; a new mesoporous bioglass (MBG) class, with ordered mesoporous channels and high surface area, has emerged, driving growing research into MBG for drug/growth factor delivery and bone tissue engineering. The article discusses future perspectives for MBG in bone regeneration, focusing on combining drug delivery with tissue engineering and exploring in vivo osteogenesis mechanisms in large animal models. The review surveys recent advances in MBG, covering preparation methods, composition–structure relationships, drug/growth factor delivery strategies, and bone tissue engineering applications. The review highlights that MBG scaffolds promote bone-forming cell activity, enhance proliferation and differentiation via drug/growth factor delivery, and demonstrate in vivo osteogenesis, while also outlining advantages and limitations relative to microsized and nanosized bioactive glasses.

Abstract

The impact of bone diseases and trauma in the whole world has increased significantly in the past decades. Bioactive glasses are regarded as an important bone regeneration material owing to their generally excellent osteoconductivity and osteostimulativity. A new class of bioactive glass, referred to as mesoporous bioglass (MBG), was developed 7 years ago, which possess a highly ordered mesoporous channel structure and a highly specific surface area. The study of MBG for drug/growth factor delivery and bone tissue engineering has grown significantly in the past several years. In this article, we review the recent advances of MBG materials, including the preparation of different forms of MBG, composition–structure relationship, efficient drug/growth factor delivery and bone tissue engineering application. By summarizing our recent research, the interaction of MBG scaffolds with bone-forming cells, the effect of drug/growth factor delivery on proliferation and differentiation of tissue cells and the in vivo osteogenesis of MBG scaffolds are highlighted. The advantages and limitations of MBG for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering have been compared with microsize bioactive glasses and nanosize bioactive glasses. The future perspective of MBG is discussed for bone regeneration application by combining drug delivery with bone tissue engineering and investigating the in vivo osteogenesis mechanism in large animal models.