PRETREATMENT EXPECTATIONS, INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING, AND SYMPTOMS IN THE PREDICTION OF THE THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE ACROSS SUPPORTIVE-EXPRESSIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COGNITIVE THERAPY

TLDR

Therapeutic alliance predicts therapy outcome, but little is known about which patient variables forecast alliance development in time‑limited manualized therapies. The study examined pretreatment predictors of alliance, controlling for symptom change, in a large sample of patients receiving supportive‑expressive dynamic psychotherapy or cognitive therapy. Greater pretreatment expectations predicted stronger alliances at Session 2 and at Session 10 in both treatments, with expectations also linked to alliance growth in the SE group; women achieved better alliances at Session 10, while hostile‑dominant interpersonal problems predicted poorer alliance, and pretreatment symptom level was not predictive.

Abstract

Abstract Therapeutic alliance has been a robust predictor of therapy outcome, yet little is known about which patient variables predict the development of an alliance between patient and therapist in time-limited manualized therapies. The authors evaluated pretreatment predictors of therapeutic alliance, controlling for symptom change before its assessment, using a large sample of patients treated with either supportive-expressive (SE) dynamic psychotherapy or cognitive therapy. They found that SE patients with greater pretreatment expectations of improvement formed better alliances with their therapist at Session 2, and expectations significantly predicted alliance at Session 10 for both treatment groups. Further, patients in the SE condition demonstrated a significant relation between positive expectations and growth in alliance. Women achieved better alliances at Session 10. Finally, hostile-dominant interpersonal problems significantly predicted poor alliance. Pretreatment symptom level was not significantly predictive of alliance.