Clinical and Forensic Diagnosis of Very Recent Heroin Intake by 6-acetylmorphine Immunoassay Test and LC-MS/MS Analysis in Urine and Blood.

Abstract

Among the 65 urine samples (all morphine-positive), 38 samples were 6-AM-positive and 27 were 6-AM-negative with 100% agreement between the positive/negative results of the two assays. Among the 53 blood samples (34 positive and 19 negative for the morphine), 16 were 6-AM positive and 37 were negative. Only one of the blood samples, positive for 6-AM by LC-MS/MS at 10.3 ng/mL, was negative by the immunoassay test. Based on the concordance between the results of the 6-AM immunoassay versus the LC-MS/MS, the sensitivity of the 6-AM assay was calculated as 100% and 95% for urine and blood respectively, with a specificity and accuracy of 100% for both biological samples. In addition, the study demonstrated that the 6-AM assay test, originally developed for urine, is also sufficiently sensitive to identify 6-AM in blood. Therefore, it could be applied in cases of vehicle accidents or overdose to distinguish rapidly between very recent heroin use and the intake of other opiates for therapeutic purposes.