Multi-material 3D Models for Temporal Bone Surgical Simulation

TLDR

Additive manufacturing has become practical and affordable, prompting exploration of its use in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, especially for temporal bone surgical simulation. The study hypothesizes that a multicolor, multi‑material 3‑D‑printed temporal bone model can be safely and effectively used for training in actual temporal bone surgeries. Human temporal bone CT scans were processed into 3‑D models, printed with multiple materials, and dissected by otolaryngologists who graded anatomical accuracy and suitability using a 5‑point Likert scale. The printed models displayed significant anatomical detail and closely resembled cadaver specimens, indicating potential benefits for surgical training, preoperative planning, and standardized skill assessment.

Abstract

Hypothesis: A simulated, multicolor, multi-material temporal bone model can be created using 3-dimensional (3D) printing that will prove both safe and beneficial in training for actual temporal bone surgical cases. Background: As the process of additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has become more practical and affordable, a number of applications for the technology in the field of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery have been considered. One area of promise is temporal bone surgical simulation. Methods: Three-dimensional representations of human temporal bones were created from temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scans using biomedical image processing software. Multi-material models were then printed and dissected in a temporal bone laboratory by attending and resident otolaryngologists. A 5-point Likert scale was used to grade the models for their anatomical accuracy and suitability as a simulation of cadaveric and operative temporal bone drilling. Results: The models produced for this study demonstrate significant anatomic detail and a likeness to human cadaver specimens for drilling and dissection. Conclusion: Simulated temporal bones created by this process have potential benefit in surgical training, preoperative simulation for challenging otologic cases, and the standardized testing of temporal bone surgical skills.