Distinct Clinical Features of Paraganglioma Syndromes Associated With <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">SDHB</EMPH> and <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">SDHD</EMPH> Gene Mutations

TLDR

Germline SDHB and SDHD mutations predispose individuals to paraganglioma syndromes PGL‑4 and PGL‑1, respectively. The study aimed to compare the clinical features of SDHB versus SDHD mutation carriers. Researchers performed a population‑based genetic screening of 417 unrelated patients with pheochromocytomas or head‑and‑neck paragangliomas from German and Polish registries, identifying SDHB and SDHD mutation carriers and comparing their clinical characteristics. SDHD mutation carriers exhibited higher rates of head‑and‑neck paragangliomas and multifocal tumors, whereas SDHB mutation carriers had a markedly increased risk of malignancy and extraparaganglial cancers such as renal cell and thyroid carcinoma.

Abstract

Germline mutations of the genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunits B (SDHB) and D (SDHD) predispose to paraganglioma syndromes type 4 (PGL-4) and type 1 (PGL-1), respectively. In both syndromes, pheochromocytomas as well as head and neck paragangliomas occur; however, details for individual risks and other clinical characteristics are unknown.To determine the differences in clinical features in carriers of SDHB mutations and SDHD mutations.Population-based genetic screening for SDHB and SDHD germline mutations in 417 unrelated patients with adrenal or extra-adrenal abdominal or thoracic pheochromocytomas (n = 334) or head and neck paragangliomas (n = 83), but without syndromic features, from 2 registries based in Germany and central Poland, conducted from April 1, 2000, until May 15, 2004.Demographic and clinical findings with respect to gene mutation in SDHB vs SDHD compared with nonmutation carriers.A total of 49 (12%) of 417 registrants carried SDHB or SDHD mutations. In addition, 28 SDHB and 23 SDHD mutation carriers were newly detected among relatives of these carriers. Comparison of 53 SDHB and 47 SDHD total mutation carriers showed similar ages at diagnosis but differences in penetrance and of tumor manifestations. Head and neck paragangliomas (10/32 vs 27/34, respectively, P<.001) and multifocal (9/32 vs 25/34, respectively, P<.001) tumors were more frequent in carriers of SDHD mutations. In contrast, SDHB mutation carriers have an increased frequency of malignant disease (11/32 vs 0/34, P<.001). Renal cell cancer was observed in 2 SDHB mutation carriers and papillary thyroid cancer in 1 SDHB mutation carrier and 1 SDHD mutation carrier.In contrast with SDHD mutation carriers (PGL-1) who have more frequent multifocal paragangliomas, SDHB mutation carriers (PGL-4) are more likely to develop malignant disease and possibly extraparaganglial neoplasias, including renal cell and thyroid carcinomas. Appropriate and timely clinical screening is recommended in all patients with PGL-1 and PGL-4.