Influence of Barium Dissolution on the Electrokinetic Properties of Colloidal BaTiO ₃ in an Aqueous Medium

Abstract

Hysteresis in the electrokinetic behavior of colloidal hydrothermal BaTiO 3 occurs during sequential acid and base titrations. Ba dissolution during acid titration results in an oxide‐rich surface. When the acid‐treated BaTiO 3 is titrated back to pH 10, dissolved Ba is specifically adsorbed and/or precipitated onto the particle surface. The combined effects of dissolution and subsequent adsorption–precipitation results in titration hysteresis. Most of the labile Ba can be removed by multiple acid treatments, which result in a TiO 2 ‐like surface layer composition. Barium dissolution increases with decreasing pH but levels off below pH 4 due to diffusion through the surface oxide layer as predicted previously. A phenomenological model is offered to explain the electrokinetic behavior as a function of pH. It is suggested that inherent BaCO 3 contamination is not the primary source of dissolved Ba from hydrothermal BaTiO 3 in acidic solution.