American Journal of Critical Care · 2011 · 183 citations · 22 references
Patients treated with mechanical ventilation experience a moderate to extreme level of psychoemotional distress because they cannot speak and communicate their needs. Nurses should be aware of the patients' need to communicate. Decreasing stressful experiences associated with the endotracheal tube and implementing more appropriate communication methods may reduce patients' distress.
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The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
A. S. Zigmond, R. P. Snaith · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · 1983 · 45.5K citations
The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale.
R. P. Snaith · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · 2003 · 2.2K citations · Full text
Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying*
Kathleen Puntillo, Shoshana Arai, Neal H. Cohen et al. · Critical Care Medicine · 2010 · 317 citations