Quasi-one-dimensional graphene superlattices formed on high-index surfaces

Abstract

We report preparation of large area quasi-one-dimensional (1D) monolayer graphene superlattices on a prototypical high-index surface Cu(410)-O and characterization by Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The periodically stepped substrate gives a 1D modulation to graphene, forming a superlattice of the same superperiodicity. Consequently, the moir\'e pattern is also quasi-1D, with a different periodicity. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed new Dirac points formed at the superlattice Brillouin zone boundary as predicted by theories.