Spalling in High Strength Concrete Exposed to Fire: Concerns, Causes, Critical Parameters and Cures

Abstract

The increased use of high strength concrete (HSC) in buildings has raised concerns regarding the behaviour of such concrete in fire. Spalling at elevated temperatures and the resulting reduction in fire resistance is of particular concern. In this paper, the various issues relating to spalling and its impact on fire resistance are discussed. The spalling phenomenon and its main causes in HSC are presented. This includes the critical parameters that influence spalling in HSC under fire conditions. Design solutions (cures) to minimize spalling in HSC structural members are presented.