High prevalence of retinal vascular changes in never‐treated essential hypertensives: an inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility study with non‐mydriatic retinography

Abstract

Our data indicate that: (i) the prevalence of initial retinal changes is far higher than that of other prognostically validated quantitative markers of cardiac and extracardiac TOD; (ii) the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility between two skilled readers in detecting these abnormalities with non-mydriatic retinography is excellent; (iii) the high prevalence of retinal changes in untreated subjects with mild hypertension offers a new piece of evidence that they cannot be considered a proof of TOD.