Open Source in Biotechnology: Open Questions <i>Innovations Case Discussion: CAMBIA-BiOS</i>

Abstract

The case narrative by Richard Jefferson in this issue of Innovations shows how the rate and direction of progress in biology is constrained by available tools; a novel tool can set the field on a new and more productive course, but only if creative scientists are free to use it. The history of -glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes illustrates the great impact a technology can have when it is novel, useful, and globally available on reasonable terms. Now Jefferson's energy is directed at restoring biotechnologists' global freedom to innovate, by "inventing around" essential, but proprietarily owned, research tools, and trying to ensure that the new alternatives remain freely available for use and improvement.