NBS determination of the fine-structure constant, and of the quantized Hall resistance and Josephson frequency-to-voltage quotient in SI units

Abstract

Results of US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) experiments to realize the ohm and the watt, to determine the proton gyromagnetic ratio by the low-field method, to determine the time dependence of the NBS representation of the ohm using the quantum Hall effect, and to maintain the NBS representation of the volt using the Josephson effect, are appropriately combined to obtain an accurate value of the fine-structure constant and of the quantized Hall resistance in SI units, and values in SI units of the Josephson frequency-to-voltage quotient, Planck constant and elementary charge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>