Reactive Energies, Impedance, and ${\rm Q}$ Factor of Radiating Structures

Abstract

New expressions are derived to calculate the reactive energy stored in the electromagnetic field surrounding an electromagnetic device. The resulting expressions are very simple to interpret, completely general, explicit and without approximations in terms of the currents flowing on the device. They are also fast since they involve integrals solely over the device generating the field. The new technique is very feasible to be used in cases where the electric and magnetic reactive energies are important in practice, especially in the case of radiating structures. Used there, they allow to study the effect of the shape of the device on the amount of reactive energy, and thus on the Q of the device. The implementation of the new expressions in numerical CAD tools is extremely simple and straightforward.