The Journal of Urology · 2002 · 161 citations · 27 references
We present data on heredity, birth weight, phenotype and ethnic origin in a large group of patients with hypospadias. The finding of additional members with hypospadias in 7% of the families supports the concept that genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis. The strong association with low birth weight may be explained by genetic and environmental factors.
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Hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems
Leonard J. Paulozzi, J. David Erickson, Richard J. Jackson · PEDIATRICS · 1997 · 557 citations
Risk Factor Patterns for Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias
Olof Akre, Loren Lipworth, Sven Cnattingius et al. · Epidemiology · 1999 · 332 citations
First-Trimester Growth and the Risk of Low Birth Weight
Gordon C. S. Smith, Malcolm F.S. Smith, M. B. McNay et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 1998 · 313 citations · Full text