Scorpion sting in southern Africa: diagnosis and management

Abstract

Most southern African scorpions are relatively harmless to humans, and although they can inflict quite a painful sting, no other toxic effects are expected to develop. However, a small number of scorpion species can cause life-threatening systemic envenoming. Children are especially vulnerable, with a mortality rate of close to 20%. Most deaths are attributable to one species, namely Parabuthus granulatus. In order for medical personnel to provide optimal patient management after a scorpion sting, they should be familiar with the clinical picture and management.