Glossometric measurements in vowel production and modification

Abstract

The glossometer is a computer-based optoelectronic instrument developed to measure, display, and guide changes in tongue height and shape during speech. This article describes the anatomical reference system used and current instrumental measurement linearization, calibration, and validity characteristics. Information is also given on day-to-day stability of vowels spoken by the same talker and glossometric patterns that differentiate vowels. Finally, procedures are outlined for using glossometry in modeling and shaping vowel production, and examples are given of improving speech by hearing-impaired talkers.