Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering · 2013 · 31 citations · 4 references
EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringUrban PlanningUrban DevelopmentUrban Water ManagementWastewater TreatmentDrainage MaintenanceInfrastructure UpgradingSewerage EngineeringUrban Drainage SystemsUrban RenewalUrban SanitationAging Sewer InfrastructureHistorical Land-use PatternsRenewal InvestmentSewer MaintenanceSewer System PlanningSewerage System UpgradingSustainable Urban RenewalUrban Land Use Patterns
Many large-diameter brick sewers were built in central Calcutta (now Kolkata), India during the 1870s. However, over the past century they have deteriorated due to age, changed land-use patterns, lack of adequate maintenance and failure of limited past measures to upgrade them. In 2007, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation embarked on a major project of refurbishing the most critical stretches of these man-entry brick sewers with an estimated initial cost of £70 million. The first phase of this work is due for completion in 2014. A cost–benefit analysis shows an economic internal rate of return of over 15%, amply justifying the investment towards sustainable renewal of an indispensable infrastructure component.
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Arlene Inocencio, Masao Kikuchi, Tonosaki Manabu et al. · AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) · 2007 · 118 citations · Full text
Agriculture, Agricultural Economics, Water Resources Management +14
Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Delhi Metro
M.N. Murty, Kishore Dhavala, Meenakshi Ghosh et al. · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · 2006 · 28 citations