Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · 2010 · 507 citations · 25 references
Hip strength assessment plays an important role in the clinical examination of the hip and groin region. The primary aim of this study was to examine the absolute test-retest measurement variation concerning standardized strength assessments of hip abduction (ABD), adduction (ADD), external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), flexion (FLEX) and extension (EXT) using a hand-held dynamometer. Nine subjects (five males, four females), physically active for at least 2.5 h a week, were included. Twelve standardized isometric strength tests were performed twice with a 1-week interval in between by the same examiner. The test order was randomized to avoid systematic bias. Measurement variation between sessions was 3-12%. When the maximum value of four measurements was used, test-retest measurement variation was below 10% in 11 of the 12 individual hip strength tests and below 5% in five of the 12 tests. No systematic differences were present. Standardized strength assessment procedures of hip ABD, ER, IR, FLEX, with test-retest measurement variation below 5%, hip ADD below 6% and hip EXT below 8%, make it possible to determine even small changes in hip strength at the individual level.
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Procedures for Detecting Outlying Observations in Samples
Frank E. Grubbs · Technometrics · 1969 · 3.7K citations
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · 1950 · 1.1K citations
Timothy F. Tyler, Stephen Nicholas, Richard J. Campbell et al. · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · 2001 · 422 citations