Two Brief Alcohol-Screening Tests From the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)

TLDR

Primary care physicians need a brief alcohol questionnaire; the AUDIT‑C and AUDIT question 3 are effective in male VA patients but have not been validated in women. In a study of 393 female VA patients, researchers administered the 10‑item AUDIT, a sex‑specific modification of question 3, and in‑person diagnostic interviews, then evaluated the AUDIT‑C, question 3, and full AUDIT with and without the sex‑specific binge threshold against interview‑based hazardous drinking or alcohol disorder criteria. The standard and sex‑specific AUDIT‑Cs achieved sensitivities of 0.81 and 0.84 and specificities of 0.86 and 0.85 with AUCs of 0.91 and 0.92—slightly higher than the 10‑item AUDIT—while the modified question 3 had 0.69 sensitivity and 0.94 specificity, confirming the AUDIT‑Cs as effective screening tools for female VA patients.

Abstract

<h3>Background</h3> Primary care physicians need a brief alcohol questionnaire that identifies hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questions 1 through 3 (AUDIT-C), and AUDIT question 3 alone are effective alcohol-screening tests in male Veterans Affairs (VA) patients, but have not been validated in women. <h3>Methods</h3> Female VA patients (n = 393) completed self-administered questionnaires, including the 10-item AUDIT and a previously proposed modification to AUDIT question 3 with a sex-specific threshold for binge drinking (≥4 drinks/occasion), and in-person interviews with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule. The AUDIT-C, AUDIT question 3 alone, and the 10-item AUDIT were each evaluated with and without the sex-specific binge question and compared with past-year hazardous drinking (&gt;7 drinks/week or ≥4 drinks/occasion) and/or active<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition</i>alcohol abuse or dependence, based on interviews. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-nine women (22.6%) met interview criteria for past-year hazardous drinking and/or active alcohol abuse or dependence. Standard and sex-specific AUDIT-Cs were sensitive (0.81 and 0.84, respectively) and specific (0.86 and 0.85, respectively). Their areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were equivalent (0.91, and 0.92, respectively) and slightly higher than for the standard 10-item AUDIT (0.87). A single, sex-specific question about binge drinking (modified AUDIT question 3) had a sensitivity of 0.69 and specificity of 0.94, whereas the standard AUDIT question 3 was specific (0.96) but relatively insensitive (0.45). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The standard and sex-specific AUDIT-Cs are effective screening tests for past-year hazardous drinking and/or active alcohol abuse or dependence in female patients in a VA study.