Localization of Gingival Overgrowth in Heart Transplant Patients Undergoing Cyclosporin Therapy

Abstract

This research was aimed at determining and comparing the pattern of localization of both cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth and associated periodontal variables in heart transplant patients. Thirty-nine patients undergoing cyclosporin treatment were studied for 6 months following transplant surgery. Oral hygiene and gingivitis were evaluated using the Silness-Löe and Löe-Silness indices. Gingival overgrowth was measured using a periodontal probe to determine the height of the gingiva at six points per tooth. Statistical hypothesis testing was applied to calculate the significance of the results. Overgrowth average showed a steady and significant growth. The graphs depicting average overgrowth localization, "standard periodontograms," showed remarkable symmetry, and a significantly anterior mandibular papillary distribution. No overgrowth was observed in edentulous areas. The localization of plaque and gingivitis followed a similar pattern; a highly significant correlation was found with the overgrowth localization pattern. It was concluded that the elimination of plaque is an important preventive measure for cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth, and that tooth or periodontium related factors have a significant impact on its pathogenesis.