MT1-MMP Expression in First-Trimester Placental Tissue Is Upregulated in Type 1 Diabetes as a Result of Elevated Insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels

Abstract

This is the first study reporting alterations in the first-trimester placenta in type 1 diabetes. The upregulated MT1-MMP expression in type 1 diabetes may be the result of higher maternal insulin and TNF-alpha levels. We speculate that the elevated MT1-MMP will affect placental development and may thus contribute to long-term structural alterations in the placenta in pregestational diabetes.