The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering · 1973 · 160 citations · 17 references
EngineeringCivil EngineeringFluid DynamicsFluid MechanicsHydraulicsMomentum TransportParticle-laden FlowsPneumatic SystemsTurbulent FlowFrictional LossesFrictional Pressure LossParticle Slip VelocityPneumatic ConveyingReynolds NumberSlip VelocityTerminal VelocityTurbulent Flow Regime
Abstract Vertical pneumatic conveying was studied in a 3‐inch diameter riser 30 feet in length using solids ranging in particle Reynolds number from 100 to 3500. Particle to gas mass flow ratios varied from 0 to 8 and pipeline conditions extended from dilute flow down into the choking region. Average particle hold‐up was determined by means of a series of quick‐closing valves and particle slip velocity was often found to be greater than the calculated terminal velocity. The reasons for this are examined. Frictional pressure losses in the riser were also determined and compared with literature data. The phenomenon of choking is considered briefly.
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Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1950 · 2.7K citations
Fluidization and fluid-particle systems
Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1960 · 412 citations
P. R. Owen · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1969 · 196 citations