Risk Factors for Intravesical Recurrence Following Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: No Relationship to the Mode of Surgery

Abstract

Intravesical recurrence after surgery for upper urinary tract cancer is not related to the mode of surgery (i.e. laparoscopy-assisted or open surgery) employed. The only risk factor for intravesical recurrence is a history of bladder cancer.