Excessive ovarian stimulation up-regulates the Wnt-signaling molecule DKK1 in human endometrium and may affect implantation: an in vitro co-culture study

Abstract

Gene expression patterns in stimulated cycles resembled those of LS in natural cycles, when the implantation window is about to close, suggesting high serum E2 and/or progesterone concentrations may advance endometrial development, altering the implantation window and possibly decreasing pregnancy rate. Aberrant expression of DKK1 might impair embryo attachment and implantation in vivo.