Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol dependence: a comprehensive analysis

TLDR

Linkage studies have shown that genes in the ADH cluster on chromosome 4q influence alcoholism risk. The study genotyped 110 SNPs across seven ADH genes and applied the pedigree disequilibrium test in families with multiple alcoholics. Variants in ADH4, including 12 significant SNPs and a haplotype spanning intron 1 to 19.5 kb downstream, were strongly associated with alcoholism (P = 0.01), while weaker signals were seen for ADH1A/ADH1B and a protective effect of the ADH1B*3 allele in African‑Americans.

Abstract

Linkage evidence indicated that gene(s) located on chromosome 4q, in the region of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes, affected risk for alcoholism. We genotyped 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the seven ADH genes and analyzed their association with alcoholism in a set of families with multiple alcoholic members, using the pedigree disequilibrium test. There was strong evidence that variations in ADH4 are associated with alcoholism: 12 SNPs were significantly associated. The region of strongest association ran from intron 1 to 19.5 kb beyond the 3′ end of the gene. Haplotype tag SNPs were selected for the block in the ADH4 gene that provided evidence of association and subsequently used in association analysis; the haplotype was significantly associated with alcoholism (P=0.01) There was weaker evidence that variations in ADH1A and ADH1B might also play a role in modifying risk. Among African-Americans, there was evidence that the ADH1B*3 allele was protective.