Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1967 · 807 citations · 13 references
Natural SciencesComputational EngineeringComputational Fluid DynamicsFluid DynamicsTransport PhenomenaBoundary Layer FlowBoundary LayersBoundary-layer StructureBoundary-layer TheoryTurbulenceTurbulent FlowBoundary Layer DevelopmentBoundary Layer Shear StressBoundary Layer TurbulenceFluid Shear StressShear StressTurbulent Boundary LayersTurbulent Kinetic EnergyZero-pressure-gradient Boundary Layers
The turbulent energy equation is converted into a differential equation for the turbulent shear stress by defining three empirical functions relating the turbulent intensity, diffusion and dissipation to the shear stress profile. This equation, the mean momentum equation and the mean continuity equation form a hyperbolic system. Numerical integrations by the method of characteristics with preliminary choices of the three empirical functions compare favourably with the results of conventional calculation methods over a wide range of pressure gradients. Nearly all the empirical information required has been derived solely from the boundary layer in zero pressure gradient.
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The structure of turbulent shear flow
Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1956 · 3.8K citations
Equilibrium layers and wall turbulence
A. A. Townsend · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1961 · 661 citations
Forced mixing in boundary layers
G B Schubauer, W. G. Spangenberg · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1960 · 305 citations