Marital Status and Survival in Patients With Cancer

TLDR

The study investigates how marital status influences cancer stage at diagnosis, receipt of definitive therapy, and cancer‑specific mortality across the ten leading causes of cancer death in the United States. Using SEER data from 2004–2008, the authors performed multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses on 734,889 patients with detailed clinical and follow‑up information to assess associations between marital status and cancer outcomes. Married patients were less likely to present with metastatic disease, more likely to receive definitive therapy, and had a 20 % lower risk of cancer‑specific death compared with unmarried patients, with these benefits consistent across all ten cancers, stronger in males, and in some cancers exceeding the survival advantage of chemotherapy.

Abstract

To examine the impact of marital status on stage at diagnosis, use of definitive therapy, and cancer-specific mortality among each of the 10 leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States.We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program to identify 1,260,898 patients diagnosed in 2004 through 2008 with lung, colorectal, breast, pancreatic, prostate, liver/intrahepatic bile duct, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, head/neck, ovarian, or esophageal cancer. We used multivariable logistic and Cox regression to analyze the 734,889 patients who had clinical and follow-up information available.Married patients were less likely to present with metastatic disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.84; P < .001), more likely to receive definitive therapy (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.51 to 1.56; P < .001), and less likely to die as a result of their cancer after adjusting for demographics, stage, and treatment (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.81; P < .001) than unmarried patients. These associations remained significant when each individual cancer was analyzed (P < .05 for all end points for each malignancy). The benefit associated with marriage was greater in males than females for all outcome measures analyzed (P < .001 in all cases). For prostate, breast, colorectal, esophageal, and head/neck cancers, the survival benefit associated with marriage was larger than the published survival benefit of chemotherapy.Even after adjusting for known confounders, unmarried patients are at significantly higher risk of presentation with metastatic cancer, undertreatment, and death resulting from their cancer. This study highlights the potentially significant impact that social support can have on cancer detection, treatment, and survival.