A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success

TLDR

Many nations invest heavily in sport to compete internationally, yet there is no clear evidence that sports policies influence success, and no empirically grounded theory of the meso‑level policy factors that drive elite performance. The paper aims to overview key determinants of international sporting success and present a conceptual framework for trans‑national comparison of elite sports policies. The framework comprises nine policy pillars—derived from literature—that can be used to compare elite sports policies across nations. Literature shows that over half of success determinants are macro‑level factors beyond politicians’ control.

Abstract

Abstract Although an increasing number of nations invest large amounts of money in sport in order to compete against other nations, there is no clear evidence that demonstrates how sports policies can influence international sporting success. This paper provides an overview of important determinants that can lead to nations enjoying international sporting success. The literature reveals that more than 50% of the determinants of success are macro-level variables that are beyond the control of politicians. The meso-level contains factors that can be influenced by sports policies. An empirically founded theory on the policy factors that determine elite sporting success has not yet been developed. In this paper a conceptual framework will be presented that can be used for making trans-national comparisons of elite sports policies. Nine policy areas, or 'pillars', that are thought to have an important influence on international sporting success are logically derived from the literature.