Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramic Fiber/Polymer Composites

Abstract

Piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic fiber/polymer composites were fabricated by a novel technique referred to as “relic” processing. Basically, this involved impregnating a woven carbon‐fiber template material with PZT precursor by soaking the template in a PZT stock solution. Careful heat treatment pyrolized the carbon, resulting in a PZT ceramic relic that retained the fibrous template form. After sintering, the densified relic was backfilled with polymer to form a composite. Optimized relic processing consisted of soaking activated carbon‐fiber fabric twice in an intermediate concentration (405‐mg PZT/(1‐g solution)) alkoxide PZT solution and sintering at 1285°C for 2 h. A series of piezoelectric composites encompassing a wide range of dielectric and piezoelectric properties was prepared by varying the PZT‐fiber orientation and polymer‐matrix material. In PZT/Eccogel polymer composites with PZT fibers orientated parallel to the electrodes, K = 75, d 33 = 145 pC/N, d h = 45 ± 5 pC/N, and d h g h = 3150 × 10 −15 m 2 /N were measured. Furthermore, in composites with a number of PZT fibers arranged perpendicular to the electroded surfaces, K = 190, d 33 = 250 pC/N, d h = 65 ± 2 pC/N, and d h g h = 2600 × 10 −15 m 2 /N.