Mediterranean diet and telomere length in Nurses' Health Study: population based cohort study

TLDR

The study aimed to determine whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet was linked to longer telomere length, a biomarker of aging. Using a population‑based cohort of 4,676 disease‑free nurses from the Nurses’ Health Study, researchers measured leukocyte telomere length by qPCR and calculated an Alternate Mediterranean Diet score from self‑reported dietary data. Higher Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with longer telomeres, with the highest score group showing a mean z‑score of 0.072 versus −0.038 in the lowest group (P for trend = 0.004), underscoring the diet’s potential to promote health and longevity.

Abstract

<b>Objective</b> To examine whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomere length, a biomarker of aging. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Nurses’ Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 121 700 nurses enrolled in 1976; in 1989-90 a subset of 32 825 women provided blood samples. <b>Participants</b> 4676 disease-free women from nested case-control studies within the Nurses’ Health Study with telomere length measured who also completed food frequency questionnaires. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Association between relative telomere lengths in peripheral blood leukocytes measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and Alternate Mediterranean Diet score calculated from self reported dietary data. <b>Results</b> Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomeres after adjustment for potential confounders. Least squares mean telomere length z scores were −0.038 (SE 0.035) for the lowest Mediterranean diet score groups and 0.072 (0.030) for the highest group (P for trend=0.004). <b>Conclusion</b> In this large study, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomeres. These results further support the benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet for promoting health and longevity.