COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF A LOCALISED SUPPLY OF PHOSPHATE, NITRATE, AMMONIUM AND POTASSIUM ON THE GROWTH OF THE SEMINAL ROOT SYSTEM, AND THE SHOOT, IN BARLEY

TLDR

The study examines how localized nutrient supply to parts of the barley root system can compensate for shoot growth and explores the agronomic implications. Barley seedlings were grown for 21 days in sand culture with continuous irrigation, and the root system was partitioned into three vertical compartments to receive either low or high concentrations of a single inorganic nutrient while all other nutrients remained high. High concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, or ammonium locally stimulated lateral root initiation and extension, while potassium had a similar effect across the root system; these nutrient‑induced lateral growth improvements occurred without significant suppression of shoot growth, indicating that adequate external nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for lateral development but not for primary root axes.

Abstract

SUMMARY Barley plants were grown for 21 days in sand culture, continuously irrigated with nutrient solution. The rooting depth was divided into three compartments, one above another, such that different zones of the root system could be supplied with very low or high concentrations of a single inorganic nutrient, all other nutrients being maintained at a high concentration. Exposure of parts of the main seminal roots (axes) to high concentrations of phosphate caused a localized promotion of the initiation and subsequent extension of both first and second order laterals, compared with zones receiving very low concentrations of phosphate. This resulted in considerable modification to root form, but with only a small depression in shoot growth, compared with control plants receiving an ample supply to all parts of the root system. The extension of seminal axes was little affected by the concentration of phosphate to which they were exposed. Similar responses to those described for phosphate occurred with variation in concentration of nitrate or ammonium, but with potassium a localized supply promoted the growth of laterals to approximately the same extent as controls throughout the entire root system. The experiments show that adequate external concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are required by any part of the root system for optimal growth of laterals, but not axes. Possible mechanisms which compensate shoot growth when nutrients are supplied to only part of the root system, and agronomic implications, are discussed.