Left Ventricular Septal and Left Ventricular Apical Pacing Chronically Maintain Cardiac Contractile Coordination, Pump Function and Efficiency

Abstract

Acute and chronic LV apical and LV septal pacing maintain regional cardiac mechanics, contractility, relaxation, and efficiency near native levels, whereas RV apical or RV septal pacing diminish these variables. Acute LV apical and LV septal pacing tend to maintain or improve contractility and efficiency compared with biventricular pacing.