CMB constraints on WIMP annihilation: Energy absorption during the recombination epoch

Abstract

We compute in detail the rate at which energy injected by dark matter (DM) annihilation heats and ionizes the photon-baryon plasma at $z\ensuremath{\sim}1000$, and provide accurate fitting functions over the relevant redshift range for a broad array of annihilation channels and DM masses. The resulting perturbations to the ionization history can be constrained by measurements of the CMB temperature and polarization angular power spectra. We show that models which fit recently measured excesses in 10--1000 GeV electron and positron cosmic rays are already close to the 95% confidence limits from WMAP. The recently launched Planck satellite will be capable of ruling out a wide range of DM explanations for these excesses. In models of dark matter with Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation, where $⟨\ensuremath{\sigma}v⟩$ rises with decreasing WIMP velocity until some saturation point, the WMAP5 constraints imply that the enhancement must be close to saturation in the neighborhood of the Earth.