Mutations of the Metabolic Genes<i>IDH1</i>,<i>IDH2</i>, and<i>SDHAF2</i>Are Not Major Determinants of the Pseudohypoxic Phenotype of Sporadic Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas

Abstract

Conserved residues of IDH1 and IDH2 or the SDHAF2 gene are not frequently mutated in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. The molecular basis for activation of a hypoxic response in the majority of tumors without VHL or SDH mutations remains to be defined.