The Journal of Finance · 1998 · 2.4K citations · 26 references
BusinessAccountingFinanceCorporate FinanceFinancial AccountingFinancial EconomicsEarnings ManagementEarnings ReportingEquity AccountingFinancial ReportingPublic OfferingsSeasoned Equity OfferingsAccrual Earnings ManagementInitial Public Offering Earnings ManagementMarket Performance MetricsPublic Equity OfferingsSeasoned Equity Issuance TimingSeasoned Equity Offering Earnings ManagementSeasoned Equity Offering Reactions
IPO issuers can inflate earnings through positive accruals. High IPO‑year accruals predict a 20% lower three‑year aftermarket return and 20% fewer seasoned equity offerings, with statistically significant effects.
Issuers of initial public offerings (IPOs) can report earnings in excess of cash flows by taking positive accruals. This paper provides evidence that issuers with unusually high accruals in the IPO year experience poor stock return performance in the three years thereafter. IPO issuers in the most “aggressive” quartile of earnings managers have a three‐year aftermarket stock return of approximately 20 percent less than IPO issuers in the most “conservative” quartile. They also issue about 20 percent fewer seasoned equity offerings. These differences are statistically and economically significant in a variety of specifications.
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Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds
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The Long‐Run Performance of initial Public Offerings
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