A Strong Candidate for the Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Gene <i>BRCA1</i>

TLDR

BRCA1 is expressed in breast and ovary tissues and encodes a 1863‑amino‑acid protein with a zinc‑finger domain but no homology to known proteins. The study aims to identify BRCA1 to enable early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility and improve understanding of breast cancer biology. Positional cloning identified BRCA1 as a strong candidate on 17q, and mutations—including an 11‑bp deletion, 1‑bp insertion, stop codon, missense change, and regulatory variant—were found in five of eight families.

Abstract

A strong candidate for the 17q-linked BRCA1 gene, which influences susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, has been identified by positional cloning methods. Probable predisposing mutations have been detected in five of eight kindreds presumed to segregate BRCA1 susceptibility alleles. The mutations include an 11-base pair deletion, a 1-base pair insertion, a stop codon, a missense substitution, and an inferred regulatory mutation. The BRCA1 gene is expressed in numerous tissues, including breast and ovary, and encodes a predicted protein of 1863 amino acids. This protein contains a zinc finger domain in its amino-terminal region, but is otherwise unrelated to previously described proteins. Identification of BRCA1 should facilitate early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility in some individuals as well as a better understanding of breast cancer biology.