Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: A role in reward-based decision making

TLDR

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in cognition and motor control, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and linking human neuroimaging with monkey electrophysiology has proven challenging. The authors hypothesize that human dACC contains distinct cell types that anticipate and detect targets, indicate novelty, influence motor responses, encode reward values, and signal errors. They used event‑related fMRI during a reward‑based decision‑making task to isolate dACC responses sensitive to reward reduction. Seven of eight participants showed strong dACC activation for reduced reward versus fixation, and group analyses confirmed the predicted ordinal pattern (REDrew > SWITCH > CONrew ≥ FIX), supporting a role for dACC in.

Abstract

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a brain region that subserves cognition and motor control, but the mechanisms of these functions remain unknown. Human neuroimaging and monkey electrophysiology studies have provided valuable insights, but it has been difficult to link the two literatures. Based on monkey single-unit recordings, we hypothesized that human dACC is comprised of a mixture of functionally distinct cells that variously anticipate and detect targets, indicate novelty, influence motor responses, encode reward values, and signal errors. As an initial test of this conceptualization, the current event-related functional MRI study used a reward-based decision-making task to isolate responses from a subpopulation of dACC cells sensitive to reward reduction. As predicted, seven of eight subjects showed significant ( P < 10 −4 ) dACC activation when contrasting reduced reward (REDrew) trials to fixation (FIX). Confirmatory group analyses then corroborated the predicted ordinal relationships of functional MRI activation expected during each trial type (REDrew > SWITCH > CONrew ≥ FIX). The data support a role for dACC in reward-based decision making, and by linking the human and monkey literatures, provide initial support for the existence of heterogeneity within dACC. These findings should be of interest to those studying reward, cognition, emotion, motivation, and motor control. ∥