TSH‐R expression and cytokine profile in orbital tissue of active <i>vs.</i> inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients

Abstract

These data show that at the mRNA level, TSH-R expression is largely present only during the active stages of GO. The active phase is characterized by the presence of proinflammatory and Th1-derived cytokines, whereas other cytokines, among them Th2-derived cytokines, do not seem to be linked to a specific stage of GO.