Effect of high blood flow on pulmonary vascular permeability to protein

Abstract

The elevated cardiac output associated with exercise increases lung lymph flow and may increase extravascular lung water. However, it is not known if extremely elevated cardiac output alters pulmonary vascular permeability. The hematocrit-protein method was used to determine the solvent drag reflection coefficient, an index of vascular permeability to proteins, in the isolated blood-perfused canine lung lobe. Microvascular pressure was obtained by double vascular occlusion. Lobes filtered fluid during perfusion at normal flow, 0.451 +/- 0.005 l/min (LF; n = 8), or high flow, 2.319 +/- 0.080 l/min (HF; n = 7). In the LF, venous pressure was elevated to 19.0 +/- 0.5 Torr to induce filtration, whereas Pv was 3.3 +/- 0.1 Torr in the HF. In HF vs. LF, respectively, arterial pressure was 61.4 +/- 7.1 vs. 28.0 +/- 1.0 Torr (P < 0.05), microvascular pressure was 31.9 +/- 3.0 vs. 22.2 +/- 0.9 Torr (P < 0.05), and sigma was 0.52 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.02 (P > 0.05). The fivefold increase in blood flow did not alter pulmonary vascular permeability to proteins; however, the capillary filtration coefficient was fivefold greater in the HF vs. LF group (0.328 +/- 0.059 vs. 0.067 +/- 0.007; P < 0.002). These data are compatible with enzyme activity measures indicating a direct linear relationship between blood flow rate and perfused pulmonary microvascular surface area. Although the data do not rule out the possibility of increased pulmonary vascular permeability to water during very elevated blood flow rates, the greater filtration rate during elevated flow is more likely related to increases in both microvascular pressure and surface area.