Delay replacement in direct form structures

Abstract

A class of high-order low-sensitivity digital filter structures is generated by means of a direct transformation of a high-order direct-form (DF) structure. The proposed structures have low coefficient dynamic range, and exhibit low coefficient frequency-response sensitivity and roundoff noise characteristics, yet require only 3N multiplications per output sample as compared to 2N in the direct-form case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>