EVALUATION OF PYRUS AND QUINCE ROOTSTOCKS FOR HIGH DENSITY PEAR ORCHARDS

Abstract

High density planting systems are a prerequisite to economise the use of land and labour costs of orchards. Dwarfing rootstocks controlling the vigour of the scion cultivars form the basis for such orchards.\nIn the Netherlands there are no breeding programs for fruit tree rootstocks. Rootstock research is limited to and focussed on testing rootstocks selected in other countries. For the Dutch pear growers the main selection criteria for new rootstocks are: 1) control of tree size; 2) production; 3) fruit size; 4) fruit quality; 5) production efficiency; 6) frost resistance. Additional criteria for Dutch fruit tree nurseries exporting trees to other countries are: 1) compatibility with scion cultivars; 2) suitability for growth in calcareous soils; 3) easy propagation. In all trials rootstock performance is compared to quince MC, the most commonly used rootstocks for pears in the Netherlands.\nRecently, a number of pear (Pyrus communis) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) rootstocks have been tested with ‘Conference’ and ‘Doyenné du Comice’ as the scion cultivars.\nGenerally, the production efficiency of the Pyrus rootstocks was much less than for quince MC. Another disadvantage of the evaluated Pyrus rootstocks was their high sensitivity towards pear decline. Several rootstocks were rejected after examination of the graft union because of suspected compatibility problems. Of the tested quince rootstocks C 132 shows promise because of its control of tree growth in combination with good... [to full text]