Radiation exposure benefit of a lead cap in invasive cardiology

Abstract

Use of 0.5 mm lead caps proved highly effective, attenuating S-ESAK-O to 2.7 (2.0) x 10(-3) of baseline, and to 1.2 (1.4) x 10(-3) of baseline where there was an additional 1.0 mm lead glass shield. These results could vary according to the x ray systems used, catheterisation protocols, and correct use of radiation protection devices.