Evolution of the Fermi surface of a doped topological insulator with carrier concentration

Abstract

In an ideal bulk topological insulator (TI) conducting surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry enfold an insulating crystal. However, the archetypical TI, Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$, is actually never insulating; it is in fact a relatively good metal. Nevertheless, it is the most studied system among all the TIs, mainly due to its simple band structure and large spin-orbit gap. Recently, it was shown that copper intercalated Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ becomes superconducting and it was suggested as a realization of a topological superconductor. Here we use a combination of techniques that are sensitive to the shape of the Fermi surface (FS): the Shubnikov-de Haas effect and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the evolution of the FS shape with carrier concentration, $n$. We find that as $n$ increases, the FS becomes two-dimensional-like. These results are of crucial importance for understanding the superconducting properties of Cu${}_{x}$Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$.