A Generic Battery Model for the Dynamic Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

TLDR

The paper introduces a simple battery model for use in dynamic simulation software. The model represents the battery as a voltage source in series with a resistance, uses SOC as the sole state variable, and its parameters are derived from manufacturer discharge curves, enabling easy integration into SimPowerSystems for HEV simulation. The model accurately captures the behavior of four battery chemistries and demonstrates reliable performance in both battery and DC‑DC converter simulations.

Abstract

This paper presents an easy-to-use battery model applied to dynamic simulation software. The simulation model uses only the battery State-Of-Charge (SOC) as a state variable in order to avoid the algebraic loop problem. It is shown that this model, composed of a controlled voltage source in series with a resistance, can accurately represent four types of battery chemistries. The model's parameters can easily be extracted from the manufacturer's discharge curve, which allows for an easy use of the model. A method is described to extract the model's parameters and to approximate the internal resistance. The model is validated by superimposing the results with the manufacturer's discharge curves. Finally, the battery model is included in the SimPowerSystems (SPS) simulation software and is used in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) demo. The results for the battery and for the DC-DC converter are analysed and they show that the model can accurately represent the general behaviour of the battery.