Skeleton Decoration of NHCs by Amino Groups and its Sequential Booster Effect on the Palladium‐Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig Amination

Abstract

A challenging synthetic modification of PEPPSI-type palladium pre-catalysts consisting of a stepwise incorporation of one and two amino groups onto the NHC skeleton was seen to exert a sequential enhancement of the electronic donor properties. This appears to be positively correlated with the catalytic performances of the corresponding complexes in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is illustrated, for example, by the quantitative amination of 4-chloroanisole by morpholine within 2 h at 25 °C with a 2 mol% catalyst/substrate ratio or by a significant reduction of catalytic loading (down to 0.005 mol%) for the coupling of aryl chlorides with anilines (max TON: 19,600).